{"id":1518,"date":"2015-02-19T12:37:10","date_gmt":"2015-02-19T14:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/?page_id=1518"},"modified":"2023-08-27T13:33:44","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T16:33:44","slug":"polimeros","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/polimeros\/","title":{"rendered":"Pol\u00edmeros"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pol%C3%ADmero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pol\u00edmeros<\/a>, tais como os pl\u00e1sticos, os elast\u00f4metros, as fibras, e as resinas l\u00edquidas, s\u00e3o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/classificacao-dos-materiais\/\">materiais<\/a> org\u00e2nicos muito importantes na engenharia el\u00e9trica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='introdu\u00e7\u00e3o'  id=\"boomdevs_1\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Alguns existem na natureza, tais como: madeira, couro, seda, \u00f3leos, papel, borracha. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Outros foram criados pelo homem, tais como: borracha sint\u00e9tica, adesivos e pl\u00e1sticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O tamanho das mol\u00e9culas diferencia os Pol\u00edmeros de outros compostos org\u00e2nicos e determina as propriedades peculiares destes materiais. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Pol\u00edmeros s\u00e3o estruturas gigantes de mol\u00e9culas, basicamente hidrocarbonetos com \u00e1tomos de oxig\u00eanio, cloro, fl\u00faor, nitrog\u00eanio etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/polimeros_TP1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6266 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/polimeros_TP1.png\" alt=\"polimeros_tp1\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/polimeros_TP1.png 600w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/polimeros_TP1-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id='propriedades'  id=\"boomdevs_2\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Propriedades<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Sua capacidade de suportar elevados campos el\u00e9tricos permitiu a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de equipamentos el\u00e9tricos mais compactos e com maior densidade de pot\u00eancia. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Esta caracter\u00edstica, associada \u00e0s suas propriedades mec\u00e2nicas e t\u00e9rmicas, abriu caminho para o desenvolvimento de novas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, tais como sensores.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Assim como no caso das cer\u00e2micas, existem casos especiais de pol\u00edmeros condutores. Por exemplo, o Poliacetileno, quando adequadamente dopado, apresenta uma resistividade el\u00e9trica por unidade de massa menor do que a do cobre. A descoberta desta propriedade deu aos cientistas\u00a0<a title=\"Hideki Shirakawa\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hideki_Shirakawa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hideki Shirakawa<\/a>, <a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"Alan Heeger\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alan_Heeger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Heeger e<\/a> <a title=\"Alan MacDiarmid\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alan_MacDiarmid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan MacDiarmid<\/a> o pr\u00eamio Nobel de Qu\u00edmica de 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='classifica\u00e7\u00e3o-dos-pol\u00edmeros'  id=\"boomdevs_3\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos Pol\u00edmeros<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Os Pol\u00edmeros podem ser classificados em:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Pl\u00e1sticos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Elast\u00f4metros;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Fibras;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Resinas l\u00edquidas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Pl\u00e1sticos s\u00e3o s\u00f3lidos nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es normais de temperatura e press\u00e3o. Por\u00e9m, eles ficam &#8220;pl\u00e1sticos&#8221; quando submetidos ao calor e press\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Desta maneira, eles s\u00e3o moldados no estado &#8220;pl\u00e1stico&#8221; e utilizados no estado s\u00f3lido. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Mais uma vez, a trabalhabilidade do material determina sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">PVC, Polietileno, N\u00e1ilon, Teflon, Baquelite e Poliuretano s\u00e3o exemplos de pl\u00e1sticos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Pol\u00edmeros, tais como a borracha natural, borracha sint\u00e9tica, e a cola de silicone s\u00e3o muito el\u00e1sticos e, em fun\u00e7\u00e3o disso, denominam-se de <strong>Elast\u00f4metros<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Pol\u00edmeros com mol\u00e9culas muito longas, mais de 100 vezes seu di\u00e2metro, como o N\u00e1ilon, Poli\u00e9ster e a Celulose, receberam a denomina\u00e7\u00e3o de <strong>Fibras<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Finalmente, Pol\u00edmeros utilizados na forma l\u00edquida como adesivos, selantes ou isolantes s\u00e3o chamados de <strong>Resinas L\u00edquidas<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Os avan\u00e7os dos pol\u00edmeros na engenharia el\u00e9trica s\u00e3o extremamente importantes e as novidades aparecem todos os dias tais como os diodos emissores de luz org\u00e2nicos, as fotocopiadoras, as c\u00e9lulas fotovoltaicas org\u00e2nicas, moduladores \u00f3ticos e semicondutores org\u00e2nicos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Em 2004 foi anunciada a descoberta do <strong>primeiro pol\u00edmero magn\u00e9tico<\/strong> <span id='easy-footnote-1-1518' class='easy-footnote-margin-adjust'><\/span><span class='easy-footnote'><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/polimeros\/#easy-footnote-bottom-1-1518\" title=\"ZAIDI\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span> por um grupo de pesquisadores no Reino Unido. Quando ganhar\u00e3o o Pr\u00eamio Nobel? Qual ser\u00e1 a primeira aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica deste novo material?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='refer\u00eancias'  id=\"boomdevs_4\">Refer\u00eancias<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">RIANDE, E., CALLEJA, R.D., <strong>Electrical Properties of Polymers<\/strong>, Nova Iorque, Marcel Dekker, 2004.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">BLYTHE, T., BLOOR, D., <strong>Electrical Properties of Polymers<\/strong>, 2 edi\u00e7\u00e3o, Cambridge, Cambrige University Press, 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">ZAIDI, N.A., GIBLIN, S.R., TERRY, I., MONKMAN, A.P., Room Temperature Magnetic Order in an Organic Magnet Derived from Polyaniline, <strong>POLYMER, <\/strong>45, p. 5683-5689, www.elsevier.com\/locate\/polymer, 2004.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"ms-editor-squiggler\" style=\"color: initial; font: initial; font-feature-settings: initial; font-kerning: initial; 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Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o Alguns existem na natureza, tais como: madeira, couro, seda, \u00f3leos, papel, borracha. Outros foram criados pelo homem, tais como: borracha sint\u00e9tica, adesivos e pl\u00e1sticos. O tamanho das mol\u00e9culas diferencia os Pol\u00edmeros de outros [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9621,"parent":1134,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1518","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros.png",1200,280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros-300x70.png",300,70,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros-768x179.png",580,135,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros-1024x239.png",580,135,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros.png",1200,280,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros.png",1200,280,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros.png",1200,280,false],"twentytwenty-fullscreen":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/polimeros.png",1200,280,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Pol\u00edmeros, tais como os pl\u00e1sticos, os elast\u00f4metros, as fibras, e as resinas l\u00edquidas, s\u00e3o materiais org\u00e2nicos muito importantes na engenharia el\u00e9trica. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o Alguns existem na natureza, tais como: madeira, couro, seda, \u00f3leos, papel, borracha. Outros foram criados pelo homem, tais como: borracha sint\u00e9tica, adesivos e pl\u00e1sticos. O tamanho das mol\u00e9culas diferencia os Pol\u00edmeros de outros&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1518"}],"version-history":[{"count":37,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44638,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1518\/revisions\/44638"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1134"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}