{"id":2473,"date":"2015-03-08T20:52:11","date_gmt":"2015-03-08T23:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/?page_id=2473"},"modified":"2023-04-24T10:20:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T13:20:10","slug":"arrumacao-dos-elementos-basicos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/estrutura-da-materia\/arrumacao-dos-elementos-basicos\/","title":{"rendered":"Arruma\u00e7\u00e3o dos Elementos B\u00e1sicos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">A arruma\u00e7\u00e3o dos elementos b\u00e1sicos da mat\u00e9ria (el\u00e9trons, \u00e1tomos e mol\u00e9culas) afeta as propriedades dos materiais e representa mais um aspecto da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/estrutura-da-materia\/\">estrutura da mat\u00e9ria<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Por sua vez, essa arruma\u00e7ao depende das:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Simetrias das mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">For\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">For\u00e7as de repuls\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Dependendo deste equil\u00edbrio de for\u00e7as, existem tr\u00eas <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_matter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estados da mat\u00e9ria<\/a>: s<\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">\u00f3lido; l<\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">\u00edquido, g<\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">asoso, e plasma.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='plasma'  id=\"boomdevs_1\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Plasma<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plasma_(physics)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plasma<\/a> consiste no estado da mat\u00e9ria mais abundante no universo, mas inexistente na terra com exce\u00e7\u00e3o da ionosfera, dos raios e dos rel\u00e2mpagos.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O Plasma consiste basicamente em \u00edons e el\u00e9trons livres em decorr\u00eancia de energias elevadas. Por isso, esse estado apresenta elevado comportamento eletromagn\u00e9tico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Apesar disso, surgiram tecnologias que utilizam esse estado da mat\u00e9ria. Por exemplo, televis\u00e3o a plasma, grava\u00e7\u00e3o a plasma, e a solda a plasma utilizam esse estado da mat\u00e9ria. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='estado-gasoso'  id=\"boomdevs_2\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Estado Gasoso<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">No <strong>estado gasoso<\/strong>, a energia cin\u00e9tica dos elementos supera as for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, a pequena quantidade de elementos garante uma dist\u00e2ncia m\u00e9dia entre eles maior do que o raio de a\u00e7\u00e3o das for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2480\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2480\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2480 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-300x232.png\" alt=\"Gasoso\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-1024x792.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-1200x928.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-768x594.png 768w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382-1536x1188.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/gas-e1682337829382.png 1694w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2480\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 1. Estado Gasoso<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id='estado-l\u00edquido'  id=\"boomdevs_3\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Estado L\u00edquido<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">No <strong>estado l\u00edquido<\/strong>, a menor energia cin\u00e9tica dos elementos se torna insuficiente para superar totalmente as for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o, mas a maior quantidade de elementos resulta que a dist\u00e2ncia m\u00e9dia seja da ordem de grandeza do raio de a\u00e7\u00e3o das for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Desta maneira, os elementos ficam ligados dentro do volume que os armazena. Por\u00e9m, as for\u00e7a de atra\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o s\u00e3o suficientes para se oporem \u00e0s for\u00e7as externas da ordem de grandeza da gravidade.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2479\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2479\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2479 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-300x193.png\" alt=\"L\u00edquido\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-1024x658.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-1200x772.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-768x494.png 768w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637-1536x988.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/liquido-e1682337785637.png 1723w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2479\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 2. Estado L\u00edquido<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 id='estado-s\u00f3lido'  id=\"boomdevs_4\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Estado S\u00f3lido<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">No <strong>estado s\u00f3lido<\/strong>, a energia cin\u00e9tica\u00a0 dos elementos se torna menor do que as for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o e a quantidade de elementos maior o suficiente para que a dist\u00e2ncia m\u00e9dia seja da ordem de grandeza do raio de a\u00e7\u00e3o das for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2478\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2478\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2478 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-300x119.png\" alt=\"S\u00f3lido\" width=\"300\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-1024x405.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-1200x475.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-768x304.png 768w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500-1536x608.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/solido1-e1682337880500.png 1564w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2478\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 3. EstadoS\u00f3lido<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Desta forma os elementos permanecem ligados dentro do volume que minimiza a dist\u00e2ncia entre os elementos\u00a0 independentemente do volume no qual est\u00e3o inseridos. Neste caso, as for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o suplantam as for\u00e7as externas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Portanto, a energia cin\u00e9tica dos elementos representa o papel fundamental na defini\u00e7\u00e3o do estado da mat\u00e9ria, e esta energia se relaciona diretamente com a temperatura e press\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Os elementos b\u00e1sicos da mat\u00e9ria, \u00e1tomos e mol\u00e9culas, possuem simetrias e padr\u00f5es geom\u00e9tricos distintos no estado s\u00f3lido, explicando as diversas estruturas cristalinas dos materiais s\u00f3lidos.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2517\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2517\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2517 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-300x161.png\" alt=\"Arranjos F\u00edsicos\" width=\"300\" height=\"161\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-1024x550.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-1200x645.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219-1536x826.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/mole_compa-e1682337953219.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2517\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 4. Arranjos F\u00edsicos no Estado S\u00f3lido<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">A busca pela configura\u00e7\u00e3o de energia m\u00ednima determina a estrutura preferencial dos s\u00f3lidos. Por exemplo, uma mol\u00e9cula composta de dois \u00e1tomos de tamanhos diferentes e geometria linear pode solidificar de diversas maneiras, mas a estrutura mais compacta se torna sempre a mais est\u00e1vel. Os cristais de gelo s\u00e3o um exemplo pr\u00e1tico desta quest\u00e3o. Dependendo das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de solidifica\u00e7\u00e3o (temperatura, press\u00e3o, etc..) os cristais se formam em padr\u00f5es distintos.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6968\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6968\" style=\"width: 847px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/iStock_000000381580Small.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6968 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/iStock_000000381580Small.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"847\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/iStock_000000381580Small.jpg 847w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/iStock_000000381580Small-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/iStock_000000381580Small-768x514.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6968\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figura 5. Cristais de Gelo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Em fun\u00e7\u00e3o disso, os s\u00f3lidos se dividem em <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/materiais-eletricos-e-magneticos\/estrutura-da-materia\/arrumacao-dos-elementos-basicos\/cristais\/\">Cristalinos<\/a> e <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Amorfos. Os primeiros formam estruturas geom\u00e9tricas e os outros n\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Al\u00e9m disso, surgiram novos materiais com propriedades mistas que n\u00e3o se enquadram nas categorias tradicionais.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id='estados-modernos-da-mat\u00e9ria'  id=\"boomdevs_5\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Estados Modernos da Mat\u00e9ria<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 id='cristal-pl\u00e1stico'  id=\"boomdevs_6\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Cristal Pl\u00e1stico<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Cristais pl\u00e1sticos se encontram entre os estados s\u00f3lido e l\u00edquido e sua identifica\u00e7\u00e3o somente se torna poss\u00edvel atrav\u00e9s da difra\u00e7\u00e3o de Raios-X<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 48px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.041563em; font-family: 'Inter var', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">NEWNHAM, R. E., <strong>Properties of Materials \u2013 Anisotropy, Symmetry and Structure<\/strong>, Oxford University Press, 2005.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A arruma\u00e7\u00e3o dos elementos b\u00e1sicos da mat\u00e9ria (el\u00e9trons, \u00e1tomos e mol\u00e9culas) afeta as propriedades dos materiais e representa mais um aspecto da estrutura da mat\u00e9ria. Por sua vez, essa arruma\u00e7ao depende das: Simetrias das mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos; For\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos; For\u00e7as de repuls\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos. Dependendo deste [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9203,"parent":1482,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2473","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1.png",1200,280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1-300x70.png",300,70,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1-768x179.png",580,135,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1-1024x239.png",580,135,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1.png",1200,280,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1.png",1200,280,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1.png",1200,280,false],"twentytwenty-fullscreen":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/estrutura_mat-1.png",1200,280,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"A arruma\u00e7\u00e3o dos elementos b\u00e1sicos da mat\u00e9ria (el\u00e9trons, \u00e1tomos e mol\u00e9culas) afeta as propriedades dos materiais e representa mais um aspecto da estrutura da mat\u00e9ria. Por sua vez, essa arruma\u00e7ao depende das: Simetrias das mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos; For\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos; For\u00e7as de repuls\u00e3o entre as mol\u00e9culas e \u00e1tomos. Dependendo deste&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2473"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44120,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2473\/revisions\/44120"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}