{"id":3027,"date":"2015-03-22T19:46:16","date_gmt":"2015-03-22T22:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/?p=3027"},"modified":"2023-01-17T15:42:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T18:42:05","slug":"fator-de-capacidade-e-fator-de-carga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/fator-de-capacidade-e-fator-de-carga\/","title":{"rendered":"Fator de Capacidade"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\">&#8220;O sucesso consiste na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima da habilidade que voc\u00ea possui.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><a class=\"qa_125855 oncl_a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brainyquote.com\/authors\/zig-ziglar-quotes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zig Ziglar<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O Fator de Capacidade mede <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">o grau de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o das usinas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Para ilustrar o conceito, considerar-se os copos da figura acima. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Copos cheios possuem um fator de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de 100% e vazios 0%. Considerando que o custo dos copos depende da sua capacidade, utiliz\u00e1-los com pouca \u00e1gua se torna antiecon\u00f4mico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O mesmo ocorre com as instala\u00e7\u00f5es el\u00e9tricas. Por isso, a opera\u00e7\u00e3o de usinas abaixo de sua capacidade m\u00e1xima se torna ineficiente e aumenta o custo da eletricidade produzida.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Contudo, os consumidores desejam utilizar a energia el\u00e9trica a qualquer momento sem avisar ou fazer reservas com anteced\u00eancia. Para atender aos consumidores, o sistema el\u00e9trico n\u00e3o opera com todas as usinas simultaneamente a plena carga e cabe ao Agente de Opera\u00e7\u00e3o, o ONS no Brasil, decidir quanto cada usina deve gerar a cada instante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Por outro lado, nem sempre as usinas geradoras podem operar a plena carga. Por exemplo, alguma unidade pode apresentar defeito, outras podem parar para realizar manuten\u00e7\u00e3o peri\u00f3dica, ou simplesmente pode faltar combust\u00edvel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">A falta de combust\u00edvel ocorre mais frequentemente do que se imagina, principalmente nas usinas renov\u00e1veis, devido \u00e0s varia\u00e7\u00f5es das chuvas, vento e sol.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Portanto, define-se\u00a0o <strong>Fator de Capacidade &#8211; F<sub>c<\/sub> &#8211;<\/strong>, da seguinte maneira:<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3028\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3028\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/fc.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3028 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/fc-300x68.png\" alt=\"Fator de Carga e Capacidade\" width=\"300\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/fc-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/fc.png 555w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3028\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Fator de Carga e Capacidade<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Onde:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">E \u00e9 a energia comercializada [MWh];<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">P \u00e9 a pot\u00eancia instalada da usina [MW];<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">t \u00e9 o per\u00edodo de medi\u00e7\u00e3o da energia [h].<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">No caso espec\u00edfico de um ano, o per\u00edodo t equivale a 8 760 horas, e no caso de um m\u00eas equivale a 730 horas, considerando um m\u00eas m\u00e9dio. Contudo, dependendo do problema, deve-se considerar o n\u00famero de horas exatas do per\u00edodo em quest\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O fator de capacidade e o fator de carga s\u00e3o adimensionais, variando entre 0 e 1, e podem ser interpretados como sendo:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">O percentual de tempo no qual a usina operou com pot\u00eancia nominal ou m\u00e1xima;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">A pot\u00eancia m\u00e9dia gerada ou consumida, em percentual da pot\u00eancia total, no intervalo de tempo considerado.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">No caso das usinas que utilizam fontes renov\u00e1veis, a energia gerada depende da climatologia e o conceito de fator de carga se torna estat\u00edstico.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">Contudo, no caso da gera\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica, a energia gerada depende apenas da confiabilidade da usina; taxa de falha e taxa de reparo.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ms-editor-squiggler\" style=\"color: initial; font: initial; font-feature-settings: initial; font-kerning: initial; font-optical-sizing: initial; font-variation-settings: initial; text-orientation: initial; text-rendering: initial; -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; -webkit-locale: initial; -webkit-text-orientation: initial; -webkit-writing-mode: initial; writing-mode: initial; zoom: initial; place-content: initial; place-items: initial; place-self: initial; alignment-baseline: initial; animation: initial; appearance: initial; aspect-ratio: initial; backdrop-filter: initial; backface-visibility: initial; background: initial; background-blend-mode: initial; baseline-shift: initial; block-size: initial; border-block: initial; border: initial; border-radius: initial; border-collapse: initial; border-inline: initial; inset: initial; box-shadow: initial; box-sizing: initial; break-after: initial; break-before: initial; break-inside: initial; 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Para ilustrar o conceito, considerar-se os copos da figura acima. Copos cheios possuem um fator de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de 100% e vazios 0%. Considerando que o custo dos copos depende [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10399,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-full-width.php","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3027","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade.png",1200,280,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade-300x70.png",300,70,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade-768x179.png",580,135,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade-1024x239.png",580,135,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade.png",1200,280,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade.png",1200,280,false],"post-thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade.png",1200,280,false],"twentytwenty-fullscreen":["https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/fator_capacidade.png",1200,280,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"&#8220;O sucesso consiste na utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e1xima da habilidade que voc\u00ea possui.&#8221; Zig Ziglar O Fator de Capacidade mede o grau de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o das usinas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o. Para ilustrar o conceito, considerar-se os copos da figura acima. Copos cheios possuem um fator de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de 100% e vazios 0%. Considerando que o custo dos copos depende&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3027"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43700,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3027\/revisions\/43700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antonioguilherme.web.br.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}